ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To analyze the composition of urinary calculi in Longnan, Gansu province, and the relationship between the composition and clinical characteristics of patients, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease. 【Methods】 The composition of 500 cases of urinary calculi hospitalized in our department during Apr. 2021 and Feb.2023 were analyzed using the infrared spectrum stone composition analyzer. The clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated and analyzed. 【Results】 The male-to-female ration of patients was 2.70∶1. Most patients aged 21 to 60 years (437, 87.4%). Most cases were ureteral calculi (72.8%), followed by renal calculi (22.2%), and bladder calculi (5.0%). There were 166 cases of calcium oxalate calculi, 293 cases of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite calculi, 24 cases of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite + hydroxyl apatite calculi, 4 cases of calcium oxalate + calcium bicarbonate calculi, 7 cases of urate calculi, 6 cases of carbonated apatite + struvite calculi. Oxalate calculi were the most common in all age groups, and urate calculi were the most common in the 21 to 40 age group. Calcium oxalate calculi were most common in the ureter (127, 76.5%), significantly higher than in other sites (χ2=3.222, P=0.020). Calcium oxalate + calcium hydrogen phosphate calculi was the least common in the bladder, significantly different from the other parts (χ2=2.092, P=0.037). Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate and/or calcium carbonate or calcium oxalate calculi were the most common in the kidney (50.0%), significantly different from the other parts (χ2=9.448, P=0.007). 【Conclusion】 In Longnan area, the incidence of urinary calculi is significantly higher in male than in female. Ureteral calculi are mainly composed of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite and calcium oxalate. According to different risk factors, individual prevention programs should be developed.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of DNMT3b in human bladder cancer tissues and its correlation with postoperative survival of patients with bladder cancer.@*METHODS@#Thirty-eight pairs of surgically resected human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent bladder tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry for DNMT3b expression, and the correlations of DNMT3b expression level were analyzed with the patients'age, gender, pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the effect of DNMT3b expression on survival outcomes of the patients.@*RESULTS@#High DNMT3b protein expression was detected in 63.16% of the bladder cancer tissues and in 13.16% of the adjacent tissues ( < 0.05). The expression level of DNMT3b was associated with the pathological grade (=0.002), tumor size ( < 0.001), T stage ( < 0.001), lymphatic metastasis (=0.039) and TNM stage ( < 0.001), but not with gender or age of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the protein expression level of DNMT3b was correlated with tumor size (=0.008) and TNM grades of the tumor (=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with a high DNMT3b expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with a low DNMT3b expression (=0.021).@*CONCLUSIONS@#DNMT3b overexpression in bladder cancer is closely related to such clinicopathological factors as pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymphatic metastasis, and TNM stage and a shorter overall survival of the patients, suggesting the potential value of DNMT3b as a prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target for bladder cancer.